View source for Part:BBa K4634010

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PD-L1 nanobody is a camelid single-domain antibody fragment blocking PD-L1 (programmed cell death–ligand 1). It acts as an immune check point inhibitor,  which have revolutionized the paradigm of cancer immunotherapy treatments. Unlike antibodies with a molecular size of ~150 kDa, nanobodies are typically ~15 kDa and lack an Fc region that requires glycosylation by mammalian cells, allowing them to be recombinantly produced in bacteria. Nanobodies provide multiple advantages, including their small size, which allows increased diffusion within the TME, and more rapid clearance from the bloodstream through glomerular filtration, thereby reducing off-target effects.

===References===
[1] Gurbatri CR, Lia I, Vincent R, Coker C, Castro S, Treuting PM, Hinchliffe TE, Arpaia N, Danino T. Engineered probiotics for local tumor delivery of checkpoint blockade nanobodies. Sci Transl Med. 2020 Feb 12;12(530):eaax0876. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aax0876. PMID: 32051224; PMCID: PMC7685004.