View source for User:Scmohr/Antibiotic-res cat page

=Antibiotic Resistance Basic Parts=

==Introduction to Antibiotic Resistance==

The established mechanisms of antibiotic resistance include the following:

# '''Enzymes that inactivate the antibiotic''' [famously (a). beta-lactamases that destroy penicillins and related compounds and (b) enzymes that acetylate chloramphenicol]. 
# '''Proteins that keep antibiotics out''' of the cell (by blocking the outer-membrane pores).
# '''Membrane-embedded channel proteins that actively pump antibiotics out''' of the cell.
# Proteins (and RNAs) with '''altered drug binding sites'''. (Vancomycin resistance comes from a switch in the chemistry of the cell-wall cross-linking peptide). This category also includes mutations in ribosomal RNA -- ribosomes are one of the main targets of both prokaryote- and eukaryote-directed antibiotics.
# Proteins that enable '''substitution of an alternative metabolic pathway''' (as in the case of sulfonamide resistance).

==Parts by Category==

''NB'' Parts listed in '''boldface''' are "good" parts ["Available" and (in most cases) "Work"]. Parts in plain type are poorly characterized.

====1. Antibiotic-inactivating Enzymes====

:'''Basic parts'''
:[https://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_J23012 '''BBa_J23012''']
:[https://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_J31002 '''BBa_J31002''']
:[https://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_J31003 '''BBa_J31003''']
:[https://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_J31004 '''BBa_J31004''']
:[https://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_J31005 '''BBa_J31005''']
:[https://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_J42020 BBa_J42020]
:[https://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_J42021 BBa_J42021]

:'''Plasmids'''
:[https://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K125000 BBa_K125000]

:'''Cells'''
:[https://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_V1016 BBa_V1016]
:[https://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_V1019 BBa_V1019]

====2. Membrane-blocking Proteins====

====3. Membrane-embedded Efflux Pumps====

:'''Basic parts'''
:[https://parts.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_J31006 '''BBa_J31006''']
:[https://parts.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_J31007 '''BBa_J31007''']

====4. Altered Target Molecules====

:'''Basic parts'''
:[https://parts.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_J42010 BBa_J42010]

====5. Components of Alternative Metabolic Pathways====

=Antibiotic Resistance Devices=


These are BioBrick composite parts that contain (one or more?) antibiotic resistance components.

1. With Antibiotic-inactivating Enzymes

    

[edit] 2. With Membrane-blocking Proteins

[edit] 3. With Membrane-embedded Efflux Pumps

[edit] 4. With Altered Target Molecules

[edit] 5. Containing Components of Alternative Metabolic Pathways



<SPAN style= 'color:red'>'''Note: Antibiotic resistance genes are present in ''most'' of the plasmids supplied by the Registry (see [https://parts.igem.org/cgi/partsdb/pgroup.cgi?pgroup=Plasmid Plasmid]).'''</span>

WHAT ABOUT THE VARIOUS CELL LINES OFFERED AS CHASSIS?


==Useful Information about Antibiotic Resistance==

===Links===

====Aminoglycoside Resistance====

This category includes kanamycin, streptomycin, gentamycin, neomycin, tobramycin, amikacin...

http://www.antibioresistance.be/aminoglycosides.html

http://openwetware.org/wiki/Kanamycin

====Tetracycline Resistance====

This category includes ''three'' different resistance mechanisms. Related antibiotics are tetracycline, chlortetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, oxytetracycline, spectinomycin.  Note that the TetR gene encodes a very popular repressor that is frequently used in synthetic biology simply as a single control element ''in cells that do not express tetracycline resistance.'' [Check this.]

http://www.antibioresistance.be/Tetracycline/Menu_Tet.html

http://openwetware.org/wiki/Tetracycline

http://cmr.asm.org/cgi/content/abstract/5/4/387


==Miscellaneous Information about Antibiotic Resistance in the Registry==

1. Items with Antibiotic-inactivating Enzymes

    Plasmids 
    BBa_K125000 

    Cells 
    BBa_V1016 
    BBa_V1019