View source for Protein coding sequences/Reporters

[[Protein coding sequences|< Back to Protein coding sequences]]

{{:{{PAGENAME}}/Overview}}

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==Fluorescent proteins==
{|
|[[Image:GFP.jpg|thumb|center|100px|GFP visualized under UV light.]]
| Fluorescent proteins are convenient ways to visualize or quantify the output of a device or part. Many different fluorescent proteins are available from the Registry.   The first fluorescent protein to be cloned and the most commonly used fluorescent protein is '''green fluorescent protein (GFP)'''.  GFP was cloned from jellyfish.  Based on GFP, several investigators generated mutations that altered the spectral properties of GFP resulting in '''yellow fluorescent protein (YFP)''' and '''cyan fluorescent protein (CFP)'''. 
|-
|[[Image:RFP.jpg|thumb|center|100px|RFP visualized in white light.]]
|'''Red fluorescent protein (RFP)''', shown on the left, was isolated from coral.  Note that the colonies appear red to the naked eye as well as fluoresce red.  RFP is unrelated to the GFP family of fluorescent proteins.  Several derivatives of RFP have been generated including '''mOrange''' and '''mCherry'''. 
|}

Fluorescence can be readily quantified using a microscope, plate reader or flow cytometer equipped to excite the fluorescent protein with the appropriate wavelength of light.  Since several different fluorescent proteins are available, multiple gene expression measurements can be made in parallel.  

<parttable>fluorescent_reporter_protein_coding_sequence</parttable>

<!-- To include a part in this table, include the categories "//function/reporter/fluorescence" and set the part type to Coding under the Hard Information tab of the part. -->

==Chromoproteins==
[[Image:UUChromo.jpg|400px|left]]
'''iGEM12_Uppsala_University:'''
The Uppsala chromoprotein collection and RFP. Pellets of bacteria expressing chromoproteins eforRed (<partinfo>BBa_K592012</partinfo>), RFP (<partinfo>BBa_E1010</partinfo>), cjBlue (<partinfo>BBa_K592011</partinfo>), aeBlue (<partinfo>BBa_K864401</partinfo>), amilGFP (<partinfo>BBa_K592010</partinfo>) and amilCP (<partinfo>BBa_K592009</partinfo>).

Chromoproteins are often responsible for coloration in corals or sea anemones. The expressed pigment can be seen by the naked eye and without any external tool, making them very useful as reporter genes. 

Chromoproteins and fluorescent proteins can have some overlap. Generally, fluorescent proteins appear white or clear to the naked eye, but some have the property of showing pigmentation also. One such protein is <partinfo>BBa_E1010</partinfo>. 

<parttable>Chromoproteins</parttable>


==IP-Free Fluorescent proteins==

These parts were created by DNA 2.0 as part of their IP-Free series of fluorescent and chromogenic proteins. They are available to use under the BioBrick Public Agreement.

https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/parts/6/6a/DNA2.0_Four_protein_Screen_Shot_2014-02-05_at_4.57.24_PM.png
<parttable>ip_free_fluorescent_proteins</parttable>

==Luciferases==
Luminescence can be readily quantified using a plate reader or luminescence counter.  Luciferases are especially well-suited for measuring low levels of gene expression because cells tend to have little to no background luminescence in the absence of a luciferase.

<parttable>luciferase_reporter_protein_coding_sequence</parttable>

<!-- To include a part in this table, include the categories "//function/reporter/light" and set the part type to Coding under the Hard Information tab of the part. -->

==Enzymes that produce colored substrates==
Enzymes that produce colored substrates can be quantified using spectrophotometers or other instruments that can take absorbance measurements including plate readers.  Like luciferases, enzymes like &beta;-galactosidase are good for measuring low levels of gene expression because they tend to amplify low signals. 
 
<parttable>color_reporter_protein_coding_sequence</parttable>

<!-- To include a part in this table, include the categories "//function/reporter/color" and set the part type to Coding under the Hard Information tab of the part. -->

==Miscellaneous==

<parttable>other_reporter_protein_coding_sequence</parttable>

<!-- To include a part in this table, include the categories "//function/reporter" and none of the above categories set the part type to Coding under the Hard Information tab of the part. -->

==References==
{{:{{PAGENAME}}/References}}


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