Part:BBa_K2423000
CaCCD2 under the control of a constitutive promoter (BBa_J23106)
This part codes for carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 2, a member of the CCD family. This enzyme catalyses the conversion of zeaxanthin into crocetin dialdehyde in Crocus Ancyrensis through cleavage at the 7,8 and 7',8' position. The part contains a constitutive promoter, and a His tag for purification. A different version of this biobrick is BBa_K2423005, which is controlled by an inducible promoter.
Usage and Biology
Saffron, a well recognized but expensive spice, has not only uses in terms of cooking but compounds found in saffron have been shown to help with inflammation (1), neurodegenerative diseases (2) and more. Some of those compounds namely zeaxanthin, crocetin dialdehyde, crocetin and crocin are all a part of the same metabolic pathway in the plant specie Crocus Sativus. Not only are these compounds in saffron helpful in terms of their potential medicinal properties, but also the fact that they are very colorful makes them interesting as organic dyes for industrial purposes. These aspects are what drew us at iGEM Uppsala 2017 to work with the pathway from zeaxanthin to crocin in the BioBrick format, but also to integrate the metabolic steps in the pathway from farnesyl pyrophospate (FPP) to zeaxanthin on the chromosome of Escherichia Coli. The enzyme presented on this page, CaCCD2 catalyzes the second reaction in the zeaxanthin to crocin pathway
This subclass enzymes (CCD2) was first mentioned in an article from 2014 (3) and one year later CaCCD2 was cloned and expressed (4).
Sequence and Features
- 10COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[10]
- 12INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[12]Illegal NheI site found at 7
Illegal NheI site found at 30 - 21COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[21]
- 23COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[23]
- 25INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[25]Illegal AgeI site found at 1774
- 1000INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[1000]Illegal BsaI.rc site found at 672
References
1. Papandreou MA, Kanakis CD, Polissiou MG, Efthimiopoulos S, Cordopatis P, Margarity M, et al. Inhibitory Activity on Amyloid-β Aggregation and Antioxidant Properties of Crocus sativus Stigmas Extract and Its Crocin Constituents. J Agric Food Chem. 2006 Nov 1;54(23):8762–8.
2. Chen L, Qi Y, Yang X. Neuroprotective effects of crocin against oxidative stress induced by ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat retina. Ophthalmic Res. 2015;54(3):157–68.
3. Frusciante S, Diretto G, Bruno M, Ferrante P, Pietrella M, Prado-Cabrero A, et al. Novel carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase catalyzes the first dedicated step in saffron crocin biosynthesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2014 Aug 19;111(33):12246–51.
4. Ahrazem O, Rubio-Moraga A, Berman J, Capell T, Christou P, Zhu C, et al. The carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase CCD2 catalysing the synthesis of crocetin in spring crocuses and saffron is a plastidial enzyme. New Phytol. 2016 Jan 1;209(2):650–63.
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